<p>The former First Bible Missionary Church, located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States, is an historic structure listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The building was built as a Congregational Church.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Congregational Church established a congregation in Davenport in 1839 as First Congregational Church and in 1861 it was reorganized as Edward’s Congregational Church. The denomination was never large or broad-based in the city and was supported in part by the American Home Mission Society.</p><br>
<p>In 1857 the German Congregational Church was founded with a handful of members. They merged with Bethlehem Congregational Mission in 1909 and formed Berea Congregational Church. Berea was the congregation that built this structure. In 1964 Berea merged with Sunnymead Evangelical and Reformed Church and became Faith United Church of Christ. They occupied the Sunnymead facility in northwest Davenport. The building became First Bible Missionary Church, and it has changed congregations since. It has always housed small Protestant congregations</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church building is constructed of brick on a rock-faced stone basement. The structure was designed in no clearly definable architectural style. It is a cross-gabled building with a tower in the angle on the east side. The exterior bricks are painted white, and the primary ornamentation of the building are narrow, molded stringcourses and its stained glass windows. It is defined more by its plain surface areas and clean, sharp lines. Also of note are the variety of window shapes employed on the building. Other features include short cornice returns, a pedimented roof dormer and palladian-like arrangement of the windows on the east side, all of which suggests Neoclassicism that was popular at the turn of the 20th-century.</p><br>
<p>St George&#39;s Church in Orcheston, Wiltshire, England, was built in the 13th century. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and is now a redundant church in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. It was declared redundant on 1 March 1982, and was vested in the Trust on 30 October 1985.</p><br>
<p>The church is built of flint and has a Norman north door.</p><br>
<p>The windows in the nave and Early English chancel and low tower also date from the 13th century. The tower is supported by diagonal buttresses. Inside are the Royal Arms of 1636. The font is of a style popular in the 15th century, however it was made in the 1833. The funerary hatchment is also from the 1830s.</p><br>
<p>The church was restored in 1833 by Thomas Henry Wyatt, during which the roof of nave was raised.</p><br>
<p>In 1988 the church was used as a location for the filming of the BBC television series First Born with Charles Dance ringing the church&#39;s bells.</p><br>
<p>Borbach Chantry, West Dean, Salisbury, England, was built in 1333. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and is now a redundant church in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. It was declared redundant on 5 October 1971, and was vested in the Trust on 19 January 1973.</p><br>
<p>The chapel was built of flint with limestone dressings, about 1333 by Robert de Borbach as part of a fourteenth-century parish church, but is all that remains. When the church was demolished in 1868 the arcade which connected the chapel to the church was walled up and a new south porch added.</p><br>
<p>The chapel contains a series of monuments, including those to the parliamentarian John Evelyn who died in 1684 and his family. Other memorials are to the Pierrepont family who inherited the adjacent manor house from him, which has since been demolished.</p><br>
<p>Bincknol Castle or Bincknoll Camp&#39;, is the site of a possible Iron Age univallate hillfort located in Wiltshire.</p><br>
<p>The site lies on the end of a triangular promentary on the escarpment beneath the Ridgeway to the South. The steeply contoured sides offer excellent natural defences with only the level lands to the south offering easy access. The suggestion that the site originates in the Iron Age are currently unproven.Pottery found on site has been Roman or later in date. Geophysical fieldwork is planned in the near future, hopefully that will inform the chronological debate. Pronounced ‘Bynol’ Castle, the current earthworks appear to demonstrate a Norman motte and bailey castle of considerable natural strength. It is likely that Gilbert of Breteuil, who after the Norman conquest acquired a block of manors centred on Broad Hinton, built the castle to oversee them. The motte, now severely mutilated by later quarrying, measures approximately 52 metres in diameter by 3 metres high, and its ditch is 2.3 metres deep. The inner enclosure has a bank and ditch 3.4 metres high dividing it from the outer enclosure, with a causeway entrance. The earthworks of the now deserted hamlet of Bincknoll, which grew up outside the castle, may be discerned in Bincknoll Dip, sloping away to the north.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The site is located at, to the west of the village of Wroughton, and to the north of the village of Broad Hinton, in the county of Wiltshire. Barbury Castle hill fort is about 3.5 miles away to the South-East. The site has a summit of 195m AOD, and is easily accessible from the White Horse trail, and other public footpaths.</p><br>
<p>The I.O.O.F. Hall is an Independent Order of Odd Fellows building located on Main Avenue in Challis, Idaho. The building was constructed in two sections; the first was built prior to 1894, while the second was added in 1896. The front facade features two raised gables with decorative Queen Anne woodwork; both gables were connected by a larger gable in 1930. The Odd Fellows were a significant social group in Challis early history, as almost all of the towns founders were members of the organization. The hall was used for nearly every large community event in Challis during the early 1900s, including dances, public exhibitions, and even the meetings of other fraternal organizations.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 3, 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Franklin County Courthouse is a located at Main and Anson Streets in Farmington, Maine, the county seat of Franklin County. The 1885 represents a sophisticated designed by George M. Coombs, with an addition in 1917 by Coombs son Harry. The building, the countys first purpose-built courthouse, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse is set in a small park just on the northern edge of Farmington&#39;s central business district, bounded by Main, Anson, Cony, and Church Streets. It is a 3-1/2 story red brick structure, roughly rectangular in shape, with high-style Victorian Italianate features. It has a hip roof which is crowned by a small square tower with a louvered ventilator, clock, and metal dome with weathervane. Each of three facades has a central pavilion which projects slightly and is topped by a gable section. The corners of the pavilions and the building have brick quoining on the first level, with pilasters at the building corners and between the bays on the elongated second level.</p><br>
<p>Farmington was designated the seat of Franklin County in 1838. The county court first met in a converted meeting house, which also housed town offices. This courthouse was built in 1885 on the site of this first building, to a design by the prolific and noted Lewiston architect George M. Coombs. Coombs designed a number of buildings in Farmington, particularly in the wake of a major fire that swept through the town in the 1880s. The annex to the courthouse was designed by his son Harry and completed in 1917.</p><br>
<p>The Cedar Falls Independent Order of Odd Fellows Temple, in Cedar Falls, Iowa, also known as Odd Fellows Temple or 4th and Main Building, is an Independent Order of Odd Fellows building that was built during 1901-02. It is a three-and-a-half story building on a 46 ft by 132 ft base.</p><br>
<p>Its 1996 nomination to the National Register of Historic Places asserted that it is historically significant because it attests to the important role of Odd Fellows in local social history, including providing life insurance to members&#39; widows and orphans; because of it providing an example of a fraternal-commercial building, new at time of its construction; because it demonstrates the "considerable skills" of James E. Robinson, general contractor; and as it "calls attention to the influence of late Nineteenth and early Twentieth Century revival styling on its design."</p><br>
<p>The building was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Double-O Ranch Historic District is located west of Harney Lake in Harney County in southeastern Oregon, United States. At one time, the Double-O Ranch covered over 17,000 acre. The ranch was owned by Bill Hanley, a well-known cattle baron and Bull Moose progressive. In 1941, the United States Government purchased most of the Double O Ranch property and added it to the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. The two remaining Double-O Ranch buildings are now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The Double-O Ranch is located in the Harney Basin of southeastern Oregon. Around 9,800 years ago, the Harney Basin was covered by a single great lake covering 255,000 acre. The birds, animals, and plants found in the wetland around the lake provided abundant food for early inhabitants. About 3,500 years ago, small villages began to develop around the lake. Beginning about 1,400 years ago, extended droughts began to shrink the lake and surrounding wetlands.</p><br>
<p>While there are no records of the earliest people to inhabit the Harney Basin, Native Americans used the wetland areas around Harney Lake for thousands of years before the arrival of European settlers. By the time Europeans began to explore the area in the early nineteenth century, the Northern Paiute people were well established in the Harney Basin.</p><br>
<p>Hudson&#39;s Bay Company fur trappers were the first Europeans to visit the Harney Basin. Peter Skene Ogden passed through the area in 1826. Other fur trapping expeditions followed in the 1830s. Several military expeditions explored the area in the late 1850s. Major Enoch Steen was the first non-native to explore the Donner und Blitzen River area south of Harney Lake in 1860. Steens Mountain, that dominates central Harney County, was named in his honor. In the 1860s, the United States Army established a number of military outposts in the Harney Basin.</p><br>
<p>The Double-O Ranch was established in 1875 by Amos W. Riley and James A. Hardin. It was one of the first permanent pioneer settlements in Harney County. In June 1878, during the Bannock War, the original ranch buildings were burned by a Bannock and Paiute war party. On 23 October 1878, the only pitched battle of that war occurred near Silver Creek on the northern edge of the Double-O Ranch.</p><br>
<p>After the Bannock War, Riley and Hardin rebuilt the Double-O Ranch. They continued to operate the ranch until 1903, when it was sold to William "Bill" Hanley who owned land north of the Double-O Ranch. Hanley improved the Double-O property, significantly increased cattle production. He also made the ranch a rustic retreat for his many guests.</p><br>
<h2>Bill Hanley</h2><br>
<p>William "Bill" Hanley moved to Harney County in eastern Oregon in 1879. Hanley initially purchased land near Burns, Oregon. In 1903, he acquired the Double-O Ranch near Harney Lake for $6 an acre. Over time, Hanley turned it into one of the county&#39;s largest cattle ranches, and a showplace for his personal guests who wanted to enjoy the privacy and open space of southeastern Oregon.</p><br>
<p>The Double-O was one of five ranches operated by Hanley. His ranch holdings totaled over 25,000 acre of deeded property. His Bell-A Ranch was three miles east of Burns. It only covered 6,700 acre, but it was widely regarded as one of the finest ranch estates in the western United States. His Double-O Ranch was over 17,000 acre. At the Double-O Ranch, it was 8 mi from the ranch gate to the front door of the main house. Hanley also had access to thousands of acres of public range land. In 1913, The New York Times reported that Hanley&#39;s cattle operation covered 200,000 acre. He eventually established the Harney Valley Improvement Company to promote his land interests and encourage the development of Harney County.</p><br>
<p>During the time he was building his ranch empire, Hanley knew the other powerful eastern Oregon cattle barons well. His peers included Peter French, who owned of the vast P Ranch; John Devine, founder of the White Horse Ranch; and Henry Miller, head of the Miller and Lux Company that controlled over 1,000,000 acre of land in California, Oregon, and Nevada.</p><br>
<p>Hanley was a progressive thinker, who became famous for his ranch hospitality. He entertained guests at his Bell-A Ranch or took them to the rustic Double-O Ranch to enjoy the outdoors. His friends included prominent politicians like Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and William Jennings Bryan as well as business tycoons such as James J. Hill, owner of the Great Northern Railway. Hanley also played host to well-known writer CES Wood, poet Edwin Markham, painter Childe Hassam, sculptor Alexander Phimister Proctor, and humorist Will Rogers. In 1914, he ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate as a progressive Bull Moose Party candidate.</p><br>
<h2>Malheur National Wildlife Refuge</h2><br>
<p>The Malheur Migratory Bird Refuge was created in 1908. Over the years, the refuge grew to encompass 81,786 acre around Malheur Lake. During the 1930s, the P Ranch near Frenchglen, Oregon and Sod House Ranch south of Malheur Lake were incorporated into the refuge, adding 64,717 acre to the protected wildlife area. In 1940, the name of the refuge was officially changed to the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge.</p><br>
<p>Because the ranch played an important role in the development of the cattle industry in the western United States, the Double-O Ranch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district on 25 October 1982. The district covers 10 acre; however, there are only two of the original ranch buildings remaining at the site. Both of these historic structures are located on the compound of Double O Station, a year around field station operated by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.</p><br>
<h2>Structures</h2><br>
<p>The two remaining historic structures include a log cabin and a blacksmiths shop, both dating from the 1880s. In 1982, when the historic district was created, the cabin was in good condition, but the blacksmiths shop was partially collapsed.</p><br>
<p>The log cabin was used as the blacksmiths residence. It is a -story, hand-hewn log structure. All of the logs have been squared and have dovetailed ends that lock the log joints together. The cabins footprint is 16 ft by 24 ft. The cabin has a wooden floor and a cedar shingle roof. There is a porch on the south side of the building that shelters the main door. On the north side there is a second door and two windows. The structure was restored in 1979. The restoration project replaced the doors, windows, and roof. The porch and fireplace were also repaired, and a concealed concrete foundation was placed under the structure.</p><br>
<p>The blacksmith&#39;s shop is a single-story log structure with no foundation. The building is approximately 15 ft by 19 ft. The only door is on the north side. It has two windows, one on the east end and the other on the west end. A board floor was added in 1903.</p><br>
<p>There are three other modern structures within the historic district. They include a residence used to house a refuge employee who lives at the site year around. The residence was moved from Camp Abbot to its present location in 1954. A large garage was built in 1955, and a pump house was added sometime in the 1950s. None of these structures have historic significance.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Double-O Ranch Historic District is located within the boundaries of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge in southeastern Oregon. The site is now known as Double O Station. The site is approximately 5 mi east of Harney Lake. The elevation of Double O Station is 4,134 ft above sea level.</p><br>
<p>The Double-O Ranch is 25 mi southwest of Burns, Oregon in direct line. From Burns, travel east on Oregon Route 78 for 2 mi; then turn south on Oregon Route 205. Follow Route 205 for 20 mi before turning west on the Double-O Road. The Double-O Ranch Historic District is located at Double-O Station approximately 18 mi from the junction with Route 205.</p><br>
<p>The Koochiching State Forest is a state forest located near International Falls in Itasca, Koochiching, and Saint Louis counties, Minnesota. The forest borders the Pine Island State Forest to the west, the Big Fork State Forest and George Washington State Forest to the south, the Nett Lake Indian Reservation and the Kabetogama State Forest to the east. A leg of the forest touches Rainy Lake to the north, which forms part of the international border with Ontario. Of the 565,500 acre, 344,300 acre are managed by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, making it one of the largest forests in the Minnesota state system.</p><br>
<p>The forests level terrain and abundance of lowland sites are due to the influence of Glacial Lake Agassiz in the area. Tree species predominately include lowland species such as black spruce, northern whitecedar, and tamarack, although aspen and pine are present in the scattered upland sites. Popular outdoor recreational activities are largely centered on the forests access to Rainy Lake, the Little Fork River, and the Big Fork River, and include boating, canoeing, kayaking, and fishing. Picnicking and dispersed camping are possible throughout the forest. Trails are designated for hiking, snowmobiling, and 26.7 mi set aside specifically for cross-country skiing.</p><br>
<p>Bury Camp is the site of an Iron Age multivallate hillfort in Wiltshire, England. It occupies a triangular promontory of Colerne Down at the southern edge of the Cotswold Hills between two spurs of a river valley. The enclosed area of approximately 9.2ha is surrounded by a ditch 4m wide and up to 1m deep, and an outer rampart up to 1.5m</p><br>
<p>high on the east and northwestern sides and up to 2m high on the southwestern side, across the neck of the promontory.</p><br>
<p>The contours of the land provide excellent natural defences to the north and east sides. On the south western side, where there are no natural defences, there is a further ditch 4m wide and 1m deep and an outer rampart up to 2m high and 3m wide. These are crossed by many causeways, which could be interpreted as an indication that the construction of the monument was never fully completed. The entrance in the middle of the south western side is thought to be of modern origin. At the north eastern corner the inner bank turns inwards to form a funnel shaped entrance leading to a hollow way running down the steep scarp into the valley below. Another entrance about a quarter of the way along the north western side also consists of inward turning ramparts forming a funnel shaped entrance.</p><br>
<p>A small enclosure within the camp is visible on aerial photographs. It is circular, 72m in diameter, with a bank and an outer ditch. The site is a scheduled national monument no.28993.</p><br>
<p>Excavations carried out under Denis Grant King, from 1959 onwards, turned over some good examples of Iron Age drystone walling, and found remains of a much earlier structure that existed at the north east entrance, indicated by drystone revetments within the northern rampart. In a second stage the entrance was remodelled and widened. At the north west entrance, four staggered post holes were uncovered as well as a cylindrical cavity 0.66m deep, interpreted as a gate post hole.</p><br>
<p>The general history of the fort, beginning with its initial building, can be dated to about 350 BC, however various Neolithic and Mesolithic flint tools were found, indicating a much earlier use. Flint artefacts including scrapers, cores and flakes were found within the camp. Rotary and saddle querns were also found, along with a possible axe polishing stone. In 1960, 175 shards of pottery were recovered. All except one was plain coarse ware without a trace of decoration.</p><br>
<p>Of organic remains, only two fragments of human bones were found, whereas between 400 and 500 animal bone fragments were found. This included typical domestic animals such as sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, horses and dogs. Six specimens were of very large birds, probably swans or geese. Deer, fox, rabbit and vole bones were also found. The relative rarity of anything but domestic animals may suggest that the camp was based on stock keeping and that it was unlikely that hunting played a large part of the food economy of the camp.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The site is located at, to the south of the village of North Wraxall, in the county of Wiltshire. The site has a height of 145m AOD. The Fosse Way Roman road passes close by to the west.</p><br>
<p>The Water Street Historic District encompasses a historic commercial and industrial area on the west side of downtown Torrington, Connecticut. Extending roughly along Water and Church Streets between the Naugatuck River and Prospect Street, the district includes factory and commercial buildings, as well as the former Torrington Fire Department Headquarters and the civic Knights of Pythias building. Developed between about 1885 and 1920, the district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Naugatuck River, where it passes through what is now downtown Torrington, was long recognized as a potential source of industrial power, and was first dammed for a sawmill in 1751. Water Street is an early road, joining that sawmill in the west to Main Street in the east. The city&#39;s major industries in the 19th century came to be the rolling of brass and the manufacture of brass objects. Growth was spurred by the arrival of the railroad, and in 1857 Charles Hotchkiss established a lumber parts mill, which eventually became a major manufacturer of window sashes and blinds. Although Water Street was at first lined with a combination of houses and commercial buildings, it was transformed into a primarily commercial and industrial area between about 1880 and 1920. The present streetscape is largely the product of that period, altered in part by the loss of some of the industrial buildings to fire and flood.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is abutted on its eastern end by the Downtown Torrington Historic District. Its southern boundary is the Naugatuck River, extend from the railroad bridge west and northerly to Church Street. It includes a few buildings on Church Street, as well as Railroad Square, which is bounded on the north by Mason Street. There are 34 historically significant buildings in this area, which is about 20 acre in size. The oldest buildings include the American Brass Company office, a fine Second Empire building on Water Street which was built in 1881. The railroad depot, built in 1898, is a good example of Renaissance Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>St Nicholas&#39;s Church in Fisherton Delamere, Wiltshire, England was built in the 14th century. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and is now a redundant church in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. It was declared redundant on 1 June 1982, and was vested in the Trust on 30 October 1984.</p><br>
<p>The church, which was built in a chequerboard pattern of flint and stone, sits on a hill overlooking the River Wylye. It was built on the site of a Norman church in the 14th century and was substantially rebuilt in the 19th century. In the 1830s and 1860s John Davis organised the work including the demolition and rebuilding of the chancel under the supervision of W. Hardwick, a Warminster surveyor. It has a two-stage tower which is supported by diagonal buttresses.</p><br>
<p>Inside the church is a Minton tiled reredos which may date from the 1861 rebuilding. The screen was deisgned by Frederick Charles Eden and installed in 1912 while carrying out other work on the church. Because of local objections the screen was never painted. The 12th century cylindrical font dates from the 12th century.</p><br>
<p>William Herbert Allen (1863–1943) a notable English landscape watercolour artist whose career spanned more than 50 years from the 1880s to the 1940s is buried in the churchyard.</p><br>
<p>Grandview Apostolic Church was a historic church building in Brown County, Indiana, United States. Built in 1892 along Grandview Ridge Road near the community of New Bellsville, it lay in far eastern Van Buren Township. The church was a frame structure with a facade that featured a steeple, while the interior consisted of only a single room.</p><br>
<p>A part of the denomination known as the Apostolic Church, Grandview Apostolic was the second oldest existing church building in Brown County. It closed during the twentieth century, but a congregation was restarted there in the early 1990s, and the building remained in active use by that congregation until 2010. In 1991, the church building and two related structures, plus the cemetery, were added to the National Register of Historic Places because of their place in local history and because of their well-preserved historic architecture. Such a distinction is unusual; both cemeteries and religious properties must pass higher hurdles than most other types of properties in order to qualify for inclusion on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Before dawn on July 14, 2010, a neighbor called firefighters to report that the church was burning, prompting a response from firefighters from the Hamblen Township, Fruitdale, Nashville, and Van Buren Township volunteer fire departments. Little more than half an hour after the initial emergency call, the fire was under control, but the church had already been destroyed; the only thing saved was the pastors Bible. Determined to continue as a congregation, the churchs forty-five members later decided to take the name of "New Beginnings Church" and began worshipping elsewhere.</p><br>
<p>Within two weeks of the church&#39;s destruction, seven teenage residents of Columbus, Indiana were arrested and charged with arson. One of the seven admitted setting the fire; according to him, the group committed the act as the result of a days-long planning process. Claiming that the group burned the church while under the influence of LSD, he stated that they had believed Grandview Apostolic Church to be a community of Satan worshippers.</p><br>
<p>On September 29, 2010, the National Park Service withdrew the church&#39;s historic site status.</p><br>
<p>The Jonathan Root House is a historic house at 140-142 North Main Street in Southington, Connecticut. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a large central chimney and a center entrance. The entrance is flanked by sidelight windows and topped by a gabled entablature. It was the residence of Jonathan Root, one of the early settlers of the area. The town was first settled in the late 17th century. The area was first known as Panthorne then became known as South Farmington and finally, as Southington. The area was formally incorporated as a town in 1779. At the very first town meeting, held November 11, 1779, the residents chose Root as one of the five first selectmen. At that same meeting, Root, along with Josiah Cowles, were appointed to a committee to "provide for the families of officers and soldiers in the field."</p><br>
<p>In 1774, Root was appointed to a committee to deliver provisions to Boston, in response to the British blockade of Boston harbor.</p><br>
<p>The Root House was a dwelling, but it also served as a tavern. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Alpstein are a subgroup of the Appenzell Alps in Switzerland. The Alpstein massif is in Appenzell Innerrhoden, Appenzell Ausserrhoden and St. Gallen.</p><br>
<p>Despite it being rather low when compared to other Alpine peaks - the highest mountain is the Säntis at 2502 metres - the Alpstein, due to their northern "outpost" position only a short distance from Lake Constance (nearly 30 km) are relatively tall when compared to the surrounding area. The range also includes the Altenalp Türm as the northernmost summit above 2,000 metres in Switzerland.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Geologically, the Alpstein massif is different from the predominantly granitic central Alps. Alpstein are predominantly limestone massif and thus represents a kind of western continuation of the eastern ranges, running between Germany and Austria.</p><br>
<p>Because of erosions, numerous cracks, caves and sinkholes which prevail in the limestone, two of the three lakes have no surface drainage: the water of the Fälensees flows by the mountain ridge southwest into the Rhine.</p><br>
<p>Morphologically, there are three main tectonic folds running from southwest to northeast. Only the Lisengrat, the connection between the two peaks Säntis Altman runs perpendicular to the main ridge. Between these mountain ranges are embedded in</p><br>
<p>The Luman Andrews House is a historic house at 469 Andrews Street in Southington, Connecticut. Built in 1745, it is one of the oldest houses in Southington. Its property was also the site of the early manufacture of hydraulic cement. The 1.8 acre property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Luman Andrews House stands in a rural area of central eastern Southington, on the east side of Andrews Street just south of its junction with Woodruff Street. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side gable roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance topped by a four-light transom window and framed by a Greek Revival surround with pilasters and a corniced entablature. The side gable ends have also been fully pedimented in another Greek Revival alteration. The property also includes the remains of a 19th-century lime kiln. A quarry on the site was the source of volcanic rock used in Portland cement during the 1830s and 1840s.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1745 by Nathaniel Messenger with just four bays, and was enlarged by its fifth bay in 1795 by Eunice Judd Root. In 1818 the house was purchased by Luman Andrews, the son of a local American Revolutionary War here. Andrews discovered blue limestone on the property, an important ingredient in portland cement, which prior to that time was imported to the United States from England. The quarry and kiln operation that Andrews established was productive until about 1860. The houses Greek Revival alterations were made during Andrews ownership of the property. It was sold out of the Andrews family in 1873.</p><br>
<p>The Josiah Cowles House is a historic house at 184 Marion Avenue, in the Plantsville section of Southington, Connecticut. Built in the mid-18th century, it is a well-preserved local example of Georgian architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. It presently houses a bed and breakfast inn.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Josiah Cowles House stands on the south side of Marion Avenue, between Sunny Ridge Drive and Old Mill Road west of the village center of Plantsville and Interstate 84. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade is five bays wide, with a wide double door at its center. The door is framed by simple trim, while the windows are surmounted by slightly projecting caps.</p><br>
<p>Although traditionally ascribed a construction date of 1728, the architecture suggests it was built closer to 1750, probably around the time of Josiah Cowles&#39; second marriage. The house was the residence of Captain Josiah Cowles, one of the early settlers of Southington. Cowles was born in Farmington, Connecticut on November 20, 1713. At the very first town meeting after the incorporation of Southington, held November 11, 1779, the residents appointed Cowles, along with Jonathan Root to a committee to "provide for the families of officers and soldiers in the field." In 1774, Cowles was appointed to a committee to deliver provisions to Boston, in response to the British blockade of Boston harbor.</p><br>
<p>The Burtner House  is located on Burtner Road in Harrison Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania in the United States. Constructed from 1818 to 1821 by Phillip Burtner, along Little Bull Creek, the property was originally a working farm and residence of the Burtner family. Through the years, it served as an election polling station and as the setting for town meetings, including the discussions that lead to the construction of the Pennsylvania Canal. The house served four generations of the Burtner family. Spared from demolition for the construction of Pennsylvania Route 28, the Burtner House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and to the List of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks in 1975. The site is home to an annual strawberry festival in June and an annual harvest festival.</p><br>
<p>The Odd Fellows Building in Owensboro, Kentucky, also denoted DAOB 86, is a three-story building that was built in 1895. It served historically as a professional building, as a clubhouse, and as a specialty store. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It is one of the most complex buildings, architecturally, in downtown Owensboro, and includes eclectic Beaux Arts and Italian Renaissance Revival details.</p><br>
<p>The Odd Fellows chapter had membership of 125 men in 1895 when this building, with third floor lodge space for the chapter, was built. The rest of the building has always been commercial, with the first floor as retail space and the second floor as office space.</p><br>
<p>It was listed onto the National Register in 1986 along with multiple other historic resources in Owensboro, as result of a multiple resources study.</p><br>
<p>The IOOF Hall and Fromberg Co-operative Mercantile Building was built in 1906 at the west end of downtown Fromberg, Montana. It was the first brick building in Fromberg and served historically as a department store and as a meeting hall. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>It is a two-story flat-roofed building constructed of brick laid in English bond. It has parapets and corbeled cornices; the front parapet has a concrete medallion holding metal figures "IOOF," "1906," and the Odd Fellows emblem.</p><br>
<p>A 1992 review of historic resources in Fromberg commented that "Little is known about the organizational activities of the I.O.O.F in Fromberg", beyond that the I.O.O.F. was the first fraternal organization in Fromberg and that it financed construction of the building in 1906, and then was active for about 20 years.</p><br>
<p>The IOOF Hall in Stevensville, Montana, also known as the Stevensville Historical Society Museum, was built starting in 1912. It is a vernacular architecture building. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Frank Grant, writing in its National Register nomination, states:The I.O.O.F. Hall, built ca. 1912, is a fine example of the typical Main Street lodge hall found in many rural communities. Built during a period of optimism and growth in Stevensville, the building suggests that members assumed the lodge would continue to play the significant role in community life that it had played during the frontier era.</p><br>
<p>The building later served as town hall, library, and firehouse for Stevensville.</p><br>
<p>It was built where the former Wells Building had stood, until destroyed in the 1905 fire in downtown Stevensville.</p><br>
<p>The Stevensville Historical Museum is now located at 517 Main Street, Stevensville.</p><br>
<p>Castle Ditches is the site of an Iron Age trivallate hillfort located in Wiltshire. It is probable that its ancient name was Spelsbury and it was referred to as Willburge in Tisbury&#39;s charter of 984 A.D. Its shape is roughly triangular, and follows the contours of the small hill upon which it sits. The earthworks comprise triple row of ramparts and ditches, which are covered on three sides with woodland. There is a large entrance towards the south-east, where there is the shallowest incline of the hill; but there is also a narrow slit on the opposite side. The area within the site encompasses nearly 24 acres, and the greatest height of the ramparts is about forty feet.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The site is located at, to the southeast of the small town of Tisbury, in the county of Wiltshire. The hill has a summit of 193m AOD. The River Nadder flows close by to the north of the site. There are public footpaths surrounding all parts of the site, but the land is privately owned.</p><br>
<p>Casterley Camp is the site of an Iron Age univallate hillfort located in Wiltshire. The site comprises a large Iron Age/Romano-British enclosure, possibly non-defensive in function, and incomplete. The site was partially excavated in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Three apparently related enclosures are identified situated within the site of Casterley Camp. Stock control and religious functions have been attributed to the enclosures. The excavations uncoverred Samian, New Forest and Coarse ware, coins, bronze earpicks, pins and tweezers, a stamp and knives, nails etc. There is also an Iron Age/Romano-British trackway on the west side of Casterley Camp, with traces of an earth banks on both sides. The site is a scheduled monument no.10037</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The site is located at, to the southwest of the small village of Upavon, in the county of Wiltshire. The site lies at a level of between 155m and 175m AOD. There are public footpaths and bridleways to the north and west of the site. The Salisbury Plain firing ranges lie immediately to the west.</p><br>
<p>The smaller Iron Age hill fort of Chisenbury Camp lies close by to the east.</p><br>
<p>The Sunnylvsfjorden is a fjord in Stranda and Norddal in the Møre og Romsdal county of Norway. The 26 km long Sunnylvsfjorden is one of the innermost branches of the large Storfjorden. The fjord ranges from 600 to 2000 m wide and reaches 452 m below sea level at its deepest point, just west of Skrenakken near the mouth of the fjord. The famous Geirangerfjorden branches off to the west from the Sunnylvsfjorden.</p><br>
<p>Just south of the village of Helsem, the Storfjorden splits off into the Norddalsfjorden (to the east) and Sunnylvsfjorden (to the south). The village of Hellesylt sits at the end of this fjord. The historic Me-Åkernes farm lies on a cliff on the north side of the fjord. This former municipality of Sunnylven was centered on this fjord.</p><br>
<p>The IOOF Liberty Lodge No. 49, built in 1923, is a historic commercial building in Liberty, Missouri. It served historically as an Independent Order of Odd Fellows meeting hall and as a specialty store. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Liberty Odd Fellows lodge had been using the building at 20 East Franklin for its meetings since 1889. In need of more space, they constructed a second building next door at 16-18 East Franklin, and like its first building, leased the first floor to commercial businesses and used the second floor as a meeting hall. The original building was then used as a banquet hall.</p><br>
<p>The store at 16 East Franklin storefront has housed the Whiteside Jewelry since the 1920s. The other store front in the building has also held long term tenants, including a variety store and a florist.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Liberty Lodge building is a two-story brick rectangular structure with a parapet top and a flat roof. It is clad in light-colored glazed brick. The center of the parapet has the Odd Fellows interlocking ring symbol carved into the stone. The second floor has been altered into several individual offices.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s design is Moderne architecture, early 20th-century commercial. It was designed by architect Charles A. Smith. Smith, a well known local architect, designed over fifty schools in the Kansan city area, as well as some buildings at William Jewell College in Liberty.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places as an example of combination of building uses typical to small towns, and for its association with architect Charles A. Smith.</p><br>
<p>The Dranse  is a French river in the department of Haute-Savoie, that empties into Lake Geneva between Thonon-les-Bains and Évian-les-Bains.</p><br>
<p>The name "Dranse" comes from the former Drantia, based on the hydronym dur-, dora and the suffix -antia.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Dranse is formed from the combination of three mountainous rivers originating from the peaks of the upper Chablais Alps, which converge 9 to 10 km upstream from the delta:</p><br>
<p>To the east, the Dranse dAbondance irrigates the Val dAbondance and passes through the communes of Abondance and Châtel</p><br>
<p>To the south, the Dranse de Morzine passes through Morzine, Saint-Jean-d&#39;Aulps and the Gorges du Pont-du-Diable</p><br>
<p>To the west, the Brevon, also called the Dranse de Bellevaux, originates from Roc d&#39;Enfer and passes through Lac de Vallon and the villages of Bellevaux, Vailly and Reyvroz.</p><br>
<p>The Dranse d&#39;Abondance is considered the higher-ordered stream of the Dranse. The Dranse de Morzine is consequently considered its tributary, according to Sandre, the French National Service for Water Data and Common Repositories Management.</p><br>
<p>The Dranse empties into Lake Geneva and forms a delta, which is integrated into the Delta de la Dranse National Nature Reserve, situated to the east of the commune of Thonon-les-Bains, which although small at an area of 53 hectare, offers an incomparable botanic diversity.</p><br>
<p>The river is 49.1 km long.</p><br>
<p>Whitewater kayakers and commercial rafting companies frequently run this river.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>The Dranse is a high-volume river, as are all the rivers which originate in the Alpine mountain ranges. Its discharge was observed for a period of 97 years (1906–2003) in Reyvroz, a locality in the department of Haute-Savoie situated on the southern bank of Lake Geneva at the same elevation as its outlet. The drainage basin for the river is in its totality 495 km&sup2, which is not quite three times the surface area of the city of Paris.</p><br>
<p>The annual average discharge of the river at Reyvroz is 20.1 m&sup3; per second.</p><br>
<p>The Dranse is a typical seasonal river regime, with depends slightly on a small rain component. It exhibits sharply delineated seasonal fluctuations in discharge, which is characteristic of Alpine waterbodies. High flows occur in the springtime and are attributed to snowmelt. These accompany average monthly discharges of around 30 to 40 m3 per second from April to June (the maximum being reached in May). At the end of June, discharge rates sharply drop while the volume moves downstream. From the end of July to the end of February discharge is continuous, fluctuating between 12.7 to 17.1 m3 per second, with a low of 12.7 m&sup3; in August, and a small "peak" cut in November, linked to the autumnal rain. However, these fluctuations are much more pronounced over short periods and depend on the year.</p><br>
<p>During times of low water, the low water discharge can fall as low as 2.5 m&sup3; per second, in the case of a dry quinquennial period, and although low, it is considered normal in the regions of the Alps and Prealps.</p><br>
<p>In terms of floods which, although uncommon, can be very important, measures with certain "eau du midi". The maximum instantaneous discharge for a two-year (P2) and five-year (P5) flood events are 180 and respectively. The ten-year flood event (P10) is 250 m&sup3; per second, the twenty-year flood event (P20) 270 m&sup3, and the fifty-year flood (P50) 310 m&sup3;.</p><br>
<p>The highest instantaneous flow recorded by the Reyvroz station was 273 m&sup3; per second on the, while the maximum daily value was 229 m&sup3; per second on. For comparison, the June 1963 value is comparable to a vicennial flood event, and is thus considered not that exceptional.</p><br>
<p>The discharge volume of Dranse is augmented by the abundant precipitation in the northern Alps. The runoff curve number for its drainage basin is 1,285 mm annually, which elevated, is three times greater than the average for all of France. The specific discharge (Qsp) of the river reaches 40.7 L per second and square kilometer of the basin.</p><br>
<p>Tel Anafa  is an archaeological site and nature reserve in the Upper Galilee, Israel.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Tel Anafa was inhabited from the Early Bronze Age through the early Roman period, but most of the significant archaeological remains are from the Hellenistic period.</p><br>
<p>In the late Hellenistic period, 125-80 BCE, the site was occupied by a large building with a central courtyard. The site was abandoned after 80 BCE and resettled in the last decade of the century. This early Roman phase continued until the mid 1st century CE when the site was abandoned once again. Coins and amphora handles from the late 4th to the 2nd century were unearthed.</p><br>
<p>The land on which it is situated has since 1984 been part of an 11-dunam nature reserve.</p><br>
<p>Terrigal Lagoon, an intermittently closed intermediate saline coastal lagoon, is located on the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. Terrigal Lagoon is located between the towns of Terrigal and Wamberal, and adjacent to the east coast, about 85 km north of Sydney.</p><br>
<h2>Features and location</h2><br>
<p>The lagoon has a surface area of approximately 30 hectare and a catchment area of 8.9 km&sup2;. When full, the Terrigal Lagoon covers an area of around 29 hectare.</p><br>
<p>A large part of the upper catchment area of Terrigal Lagoon is rural land, most of which has been cleared. The lower slopes in the vicinity of the lagoon contain extensive urban development. South and west of the lagoon is the township of Terrigal. The northern part of the catchment includes part of the suburb of Wamberal. A large knoll of land rises from the centre of the catchment separating the two arms of the lagoon. The Terrigal Country Club and Golf Course are located at the limit of the North Arm. The North Arm of the creek drains an area of approximately 4.5 km&sup2; and the West Arm 3.7 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>Wamberal Lagoon and Avoca Lake located to the north and south respectively, are a short distance away.</p><br>
<h2>Research of the Terrigal Lagoon</h2><br>
<p>From 2005 to 2008 a study, led by Dr. John Marsdale from the University of Newcastle, completed a region-wide survey of waterways. As part of the study, the investigation included the availability of sunlight for plants, turbidity levels, population density of plants and animals residing in the lagoon area, potassium levels, oxygen levels, and water pH levels.</p><br>
<p>The research team found that abiotic features in the area greatly affected biotic organisms within the lagoon. Marsdale&#39;s team also found that the light level available to shrubbery in the lagoon lessened over during the course of the study due to growth of taller trees taking critical sunlight from the smaller grounded plants. Marsdale discovered disturbingly high potassium levels in the area in comparison to elsewhere in the region. The potassium levels were effecting not only the fish in the lagoon but also the multitudes of plants that lined the waters edge. The team also found that there was an overall decrease in the distribution of species in the lagoon area particularly concerning animals and some fish species.</p><br>
<p>The Bowman-Carney House is a historic house on Bowman Lane, off Maine State Route 128, in Dresden, Maine, United States. It was built in 1762, early in the area&#39;s colonial settlement history, and later served as the office of an ice harvesting business. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 7, 1971.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Bowman-Carney House stands on the eastern bank of the Kennebec River, about 1,200 ft north of Maine State Route 197, and a similar distance west of Maine State Route 128. Five of its seven acres are cleared, providing a view overlooking the river. The house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a hip roof, two interior chimneys, clapboard siding, and a stone foundation. Its main facades, facing toward the river and Route 128, are essentially identical, with centered entrances framed by pilasters, entablature, and gabled pediment. A single-story ell, probably of 19th-century construction, extends to one side. The interior retains many 18th-century features, include wide floors of pumpkin pine, wall paneling, and trim.</p><br>
<p>The town of Dresden was originally part of Pownalborough, settled in 1754 and incorporated in 1760, which was the first shire town of Lincoln County. This house was built in 1762 for Jonathan Bowman by Gersham Flagg, a local master builder who had recently completed the Pownalborough Courthouse. Bowman was a leading citizen, serving as a judge of probate, and engaged in a variety of economically important local businesses. In the 19th century it came into the hands of James Carney, a blacksmith whose work supported maritime trade. The property was later adapted for use in the ice harvesting business, with the house converted into an office, and ice storage sheds lining the river. This business peaked in the 1870s, and crashed by the turn of the 20th century. It was then purchased by the daughters of historian Henry S. Burrage, who recognized its historic significance and contributed to its preservation.</p><br>
<p>Ms. Burrages friend, William Waters, born and raised in Blakely, Georgia, bought the home and spent close to 40 years investing-in, restoring and enjoying the home and property, including tracking down most all of the original furniture built in 1760 for the home by an expert craftsman in Boston. William was an artist (a student of Lamar Dodd), New York designer and owner of a few successful businesses, including The Firehouse and Lilac Antiques. Waters family originally hailed from Baltimore and for generations the family antiques were handed down, many of which ended up with Waters, including for example a family grandfather clock. His appreciation of history, as shared by his parents, especially his architect mother, being raised and surrounded by his wonderful family antiques, and his vast knowledge, made him an expert on the home.</p><br>
<p>The United States Customhouse and Post Office, also known as the Old Customhouse, is a historic federal government building at Fore and Water Streets in Wiscasset, Maine. It was designed by Alfred B. Mullett and built in 1869–1870 by William Hogan of Bath, Maine. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 25, 1970. It has been a private residence since purchased by Jack Nelson and his wife Stacy in October 2013.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former customhouse in Wiscasset stands adjacent to its historic waterfront area, at the northwest corner of Water and Fore Streets. It is a 2-1/2 story brick building, with a hip roof and granite foundation. Its south-facing front facade is three bays wide, the center one projecting slightly and topped by a low-pitch gable with a keystoned half-round window at its center. A porch shelters the center entrance, with square paneled posts rising by an entablature and flat roof with balcony rail. Windows on the ground floor consist of pairs set in segmented-arch openings, while those on the second floor, also paired, are set in round-arch openings. A granite entablature separates the brick wall from the projecting roof cornice.</p><br>
<p>Wiscassets first customs office was opened in 1791, and was then located in a small building adjacent to the home of the collector, Francis Cook. This building was later moved to Bradford Street and converted to a private residence; it later burned down. Its next customhouse was built in the 1790s, and was destroyed in Wiscassets 1866 fire. The present building was designed Alfred B. Mullett, the Supervising Architect of the United States Treasury Department, and was completed in 1870 by William Hogan, a local contractor. Hogan at first raided Fort Edgecomb for bricks, until the War Department put a halt to that activity, and also took stones from a family cemetery&#39;s enclosing wall.</p><br>
<p>The building at first housed both customs and post office facilities. Wiscasset ceased to be a port of entry in 1913, and parts of the building were occupied by other government offices until the 1960s, when the post office moved to new facilities. The building was then sold into private ownership, and has served a variety of commercial and residential purposes since.</p><br>
<p>Chiselbury is the site of an Iron Age univallate hillfort located in Wiltshire. The hillfort is sub-circular in plan, and encloses an area of approximately 10.5 acre. It is defined by an earthen rampart up to 3.6 m in height and an external ditch, up to a maximum of 1.6 m in depth. A gap in the southeastern side of the rampart, and a corresponding causeway across the ditch, is thought to be the original entrance and is associated with a small D shaped embanked enclosure, which is apparently visible on aerial photographs. Although the enclosure has subsequently been degraded by ploughing, it is still apparent as a series of low earthworks.</p><br>
<p>Limited archaeological investigation of the interior of the hillfort in the early 20th century failed to find any direct traces of occupation. However, outside of the fort some Iron Age pottery and a lead spindle whorl were found. In addition, two Roman coins, one of which dated to the reign of Emperor Constantine I, were said to have been found within the central area. An Iron Age sword and scabbard were also found on the nearby trackway which runs along the ridge top.</p><br>
<p>The hillfort is abutted on both its northern and southern sides by embanked ditches or cross dykes. Their precise function is unknown but the manner in which they cut the ridge suggests that they were intended to prevent movement along it. The Northern Cross dyke, 90 m in length, ran from the ditch of the hillfort across the top of the ridge before continuing part way down its northern slopes. Although visible in 1928, the section between the hillfort and the edge of the ridge has subsequently been infilled by ploughing, but survives as a buried feature. The Southern Cross dyke, which survives as a discontinuous series of banks and ditches, (sections of which are filled in but survive as buried features) is a total of 180 m in length. It travels roughly south-southeast from the D shaped enclosure, down the southern slope of the ridge, and into the base of a valley.</p><br>
<p>An aerial photograph from 1928 clearly shows the southern cross dyke continuing as a buried feature beneath a trackway which runs along the ridge top, indicating that the trackway came into use after the cross dyke was constructed. An Anglo-Saxon charter also mentions the ridgeway suggesting that the trackway was in use by at least the early medieval period. Referred to as the Ten Mile Course by Dr. Stukeley in 1776, in the medieval and post-medieval periods the trackway was the main route from Wilton to Shaftesbury. By the 18th century it had become a turnpike road, and a map dated to 1773 depicts a toll house immediately to the south of it. The remains of the former toll house structure are visible today as a series of earthworks representing a building platform with a small enclosure immediately to its east.</p><br>
<p>The site is a scheduled national monument no.1020262.</p><br>
<p>Today, the site is also famous for the Fovant Badges, which are a number of regimental badges cut into the chalk of the hill on its northern flank. These were created by soldiers garrisoned near Fovant during the First World War, and are clearly visible from the A30 which runs through the village.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The site is located at, to the southeast of the small village of Fovant, in the county of Wiltshire. The hill has a summit of 201m AOD. There are public footpaths and bridleways to the east and south of the site.</p><br>
<p>The Kennebunk River Club is a private recreational and social club at 116 Ocean Avenue in Kennebunkport, Maine. Established in 1888 by summer residents of the resort area, its main building, constructed the following year, is a high-quality example of Shingle style architecture, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Kennebunk River Club is located on the west side of Ocean Avenue, between it and the Kennebunk River. It is a two-story frame structure, built on top of pilings. It has a broad gabled roof oriented toward the river and the road, with gabled dormers projecting from the sides. The main facade faces the river, and has a centered double-door entrance flanked by sidelights, with symmetrically placed windows on either side. A porch extends across this facade, with five arched openings on the first floor, and a large arched opening on the second. Stairs sheltered by the porch provide access between its levels. The interior of the building is simply styled, and little altered since its construction.</p><br>
<p>In 1888, thirteen summer residents of Kennebunkport organized a "Lobster, Boat, and Canoe Club", which was formally titled the Kennebunk River Club with the start of construction of this building the following year. The building, designed by Frederick W. Stickney of Lowell, Massachusetts, was completed in 1890, and was enlarged by the addition of a canoe shed on the north side in 1908. Canoes were built and hired out to club members by members of the Penobscot tribe who came to Kennebunkport from Old Town each summer. The club&#39;s activities have mirrored changing fashions of boating trends over the following decades.</p><br>
<p>HaYonim Cave  is a cave located in a limestone bluff about 250 meters above modern sea level, in the Upper Galilee, Israel. The site had substantial occupation during the Middle Paleolithic Mousterian period, from 250,000 years ago to 100,000 years ago, and later, during the Neolithic period and the Natufian culture around 12,000 years ago.</p><br>
<p>The Mousterian occupation of the cave included Levallois debitage and early Middle Paleolithic blade technology, as well as a series of hearths.</p><br>
<p>The Natufian occupation of the cave featured circular rooms with prepared floors, with a thick midden of lithics, groundstone objects, and worked bone. There were several hearths, and single graves located in abandoned rooms or outside inhabited rooms.</p><br>
<p>Nahal Oren is an archaeological site on the northern bank of the wadi of Nahal Oren /Wadi Fallah  on Mount Carmel, 10 km south of Haifa, Israel. The site comprises a cave and the small terrace in front of it, which steeply descends towards the wadi floor. The site was first excavated in 1941. Kebaran , Natufian  and Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and B  industries were found.</p><br>
<h2>Upper Paleolithic</h2><br>
<h2>Grain</h2><br>
<p>Wheat was recovered from the Nahal Oren site, but it was not certain whether it was cultivated or wild. Grain was relatively rare at the site in comparison with other food resources. In 1985 the three spikelets of cultivated emmer found in a Kebaran context in Wadi Oren were seen to be so early as to be considered an anomaly.</p><br>
<h2>Neolithic village</h2><br>
<p>A PPNA village of some 13 subcircular houses and other structures stood on four artificial, closely set terraces. The buildings were similar to those of PPNA Jericho.</p><br>
<p>Only one human burial was discovered at the PPNA village site. There were no grave goods in the burial pit, and the skeleton was complete with the exception of the skull, which had been removed - an early example of a practice better known from the later Neolithic.</p><br>
<p>The remains of the PPNB village are far more scarce, but seem to be in continuation of the PPNA phase.</p><br>
<h3>Domestication of gazelles and goats</h3><br>
<p>During Neolithic occupation, the main source of food at the site appears to have been gazelles, and judging from the high incidence of immature gazelle bones, these animals were domesticated. The later shift to goat husbandry may have occurred because goats are less selective in their diets than gazelles, and can graze in areas where the gazelle would not fare well.</p><br>
<h2>Repeated occupation</h2><br>
<p>Nahal Oren was occupied repeatedly over thousands of years by culture after culture, which means that it was a preferred site for occupation, rather than an occasional one.</p><br>
<p>Lees Creek Covered Bridge is a historic wooden bridge on Lees Creek Road 0.1 mi south of Kentucky Route 8 near Dover, Kentucky. It is 61 ft long with a double set of Queen post trusses on each side.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1835 as a toll bridge and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. Major renovations were completed in 1926 by the Bower Bridge Company and in 1966 by the Kentucky Highway Department. It was raised to the current height by 15-year-old Stock Bower in 1920. The latest renovation took place in 2001. Iron support beams were added to the bridge during the course of these renovations.</p><br>
<p>Many reasons have been offered to explain the construction of covered bridges in Kentucky during the 19th century. Roads across the bridges were kept dry and free of snow in winter. The protection the cover provided against wood deterioration was likely most important. The cover allowed timbered trusses and braces to season properly and kept water out of the joints, prolonging the life by seven to eight times that of an uncovered bridge.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was bypassed in 2005, but remains open to local traffic.</p><br>
<p>The Olympic Tower, originally known as the United Shopping Tower, then the Northwestern Mutual Insurance Building, and later, the Olympic Savings Tower, is a historic 12-story office tower located in Seattle, Washington and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was originally built in 1929 at the Southwest corner of Third Avenue and Pine Street for the United Pacific Corporation under the control of Seattle investment firm Drumheller, Ehrlichman and White. It was designed by Henry Bittman who would also design additions to the building in 1939.</p><br>
<p>The building consists of a ten-story reinforced concrete and terra cotta tower set back from 3rd Avenue but flush with Pine Street, on top of a three-story (originally two-story) base that fills the 113 by lot. Large windows consist a large part of the facade bringing natural light into almost every interior space. It was reported at the time of construction that the shopping tower had more glass in proportion to its size than any other building in Seattle.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s original purpose was to house retail tenants, one per floor with a tea room on the tenth floor. The building was an early incarnation of the indoor shopping center and the only of its kind in the Pacific Northwest. Also in the original plans, grass was to be planted on the roof of the second floor for a putting green owned by a sporting goods store on the third floor (the base of the tower). By the end of 1932, the retail concept proved to be a failure and the building was converted into offices for the Northwestern Mutual Insurance Company. It later housed the headquarters for the Olympic Savings Bank, after whose closure in 1994 was sold to private investors and converted into office space. The building became a City of Seattle Landmark on May 18, 1987.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Plans announced</h3><br>
<p>In late 1928, the corner of Third Avenue and Pine street in Seattle&#39;s burgeoning midtown retail district, then occupied by the aging Melrose Hotel, was purchased from the Gottstein Estate by United Shopping Tower Inc., a company created by the United Pacific Corporation specifically to own the property which was in turn a subsidiary of Drumheller, Ehrlichman & White investment bankers. In September 1928, an announcement was made by United Pacific for plans of a $700,000 retail tower on the prominent site that would rise ten, later revised to twelve, stories. Each floor of the building would have one single specialty retail tenant with a tea room at the top. Henry Broderick, Inc. would manage the property.</p><br>
<h3>Construction begins</h3><br>
<p>Demolition of the old Melrose Hotel began on December 3, 1928. The building, originally a Victorian apartment house at the site of the post office, was moved to the site in 7 pieces in 1901 to make way for its construction where it gained a brick ground floor and became the Federal Hotel. It was later clad completely in brick.</p><br>
<p>As the site was cleared, architect Bittman awarded the construction contract to Hendrickson & Alstrom, general contractors. The University Brick & Tile Company once located on E. 40th street in the University District was responsible for much of the building&#39;s exterior terracotta. Construction began in January 1929 and was mostly completed by late August. Among the first tenants to sign on for the unique new building was the Shopping Tower Bargain Basement, a newly formed discount department store that would occupy the entire basement. Puget Sound Power and Light Company and Western Union also signed leases for space. Most of the twelfth floor was leased to Gene Hanner for a photography studio. A superficial 13th floor located below the roof was used for storage.</p><br>
<h3>Building opens to public</h3><br>
<p>The grand opening of the Bargain Basement on October 26, 1929, also marked the unofficial opening of the Shopping tower, though still not fully completed. The building soon had more tenants and officially opened to the public on November 2, 1929. The lobby of the building, on Pine Street, was decorated with marble and mahogany trimming and featured display cases for the various retail tenants to display their wares. Two high-speed, micro-leveling, signal controlling Otis elevators that served the building were also decorated with marble and bronze. A unique feature of the building at the time was the inclusion of a rooftop garden:</p><br>
<p>Later in 1929, radio station KPBC, the predecessor to KIRO, opened a new studio in the building. The renamed station would move to the Cobb Building in 1935.</p><br>
<h3>Northwestern Mutual Insurance Building</h3><br>
<p>While a novel concept at first, the Great Depression soon revealed that the vertical shopping concept was not good for businesses trying to make themselves as visible as possible to what few people were still spending money. In December 1932, the Northwestern Mutual Fire Association, the nation&#39;s biggest fire insurance company at the time, signed a ten-year lease with the Gottstein Estate for the majority of the vacated space in the building and renamed it the Northwestern Mutual Insurance Building. In February 1933, following $40,000 in renovations including remodeling the lobby and the addition of a new scientific sprinkler system, the company moved their offices from the Central Building in the financial district to the former shopping tower where they would occupy the basement, 2nd, 3rd, 10th, 11th and 12th floors. Remaining retail tenants occupying the basement and second floors were forced to vacate.</p><br>
<p>The original plans for the building had called for a mast consisting of a ten foot copper base on a concrete pedestal holding a 30 ft tall pole surmounted by a zinc ball 16-inches in diameter. A mast wasnt built until 1937 and of a heavier design than originally intended. From late 1939 to early 1940, the 60 ft spire was used as a light-up "thermometer" to gauge the progress of Seattles Community Campaign fund. The lighting was divided into six sections each representing $100,000 donated to the fund and another section would light up each time a goal was met. The airway beacon at the top represented the final goal. In 1971 the mast was removed due to maintenance problems.</p><br>
<p>In late 1939, Northwest Mutual commissioned the buildings original architect, Henry Bittman, to design a 7,200 ft&sup2; expansion to the buildings third floor for the insurance company&#39;s use that would blend in with the original design. Another major expansion in 1941 was completed to accommodate district offices of the Richfield Oil Corporation. During this expansion the tower was expanded 55 ft west to the alley. In 1943, the entire second floor was taken over by the Induction Center of Western Washington for Men which handled Selective Service during World War II.</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s, a remodel occurred which removed most of the decorative features of the lobby including the ornamental bronze elevator doors. The lobby was also made smaller by additional retail space.</p><br>
<h3>Olympic Tower and later years</h3><br>
<p>In 1974, Northwestern Mutual became the Unigard Insurance Group and moved most of their offices to the recently completed Financial Center at Fourth and Seneca Streets but retained a small office in the building until 1976. Following Unigard&#39;s departure, the building was briefly retitled the "Insurance Building" in hopes of attracting other insurance firms but after a brief vacancy in the late 1970s, the building was purchased by Securities Financial, Inc. in 1979. That company was a subsidiary of Olympic Savings & Loan Association, a bank started in Bremerton, Washington in 1964. Olympic carried out an extensive renovation of the interior and exterior of the building. Intrusive additions to the storefronts were removed and the facade was cleaned. Other improvements included updated mechanical systems and the removal of an unused freight elevator. Following the restoration, Securities Financial nominated the building for the National Register of Historic Places, to which it was accepted the following year.</p><br>
<p>In early 1980, the building became the headquarters for Olympic Savings and was officially retitled the Olympic Tower and included a branch bank on the ground floor. Following Olympic Saving&#39;s demise in 1993, the tower was purchased by the Singaporian investment corporation, Duchess Properties Ltd., led by Liu Shek Yuen. The building is currently owned by Olympic Tower LLC and houses offices and condominia.</p><br>
<p>The Aroostook County Courthouse and Jail is located on Court Street in the center of Houlton, Maine. The building was built in 1859 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 26, 1990. Its oldest portion dates to 1859, built to a design by Gridley J. F. Bryant, and was the county&#39;s first purpose-built court facility. Later additions in 1895  and 1928 added wings that give the building its present shape. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Aroostook County Courthouse and Jail is a sprawling complex occupying about half of a city block in the center of Houlton, Maine. The original 1859 courthouse is a rectangular brick block, with a bell-shaped mansard roof, and a cupola that now also includes a clock; the latter is an addition made during the 1895 additions to the building, in which the cupola was moved to the new center of the building. The front facade, facing west, has a central entrance pavilion, three bays wide, topped by a gable-on-mansard pediment. The entrance is in the center bay, sheltered by a portico supported by paired columns. Windows on this facade are set in slightly-recessed round-arch openings. The original 1859 entrance faces south (toward Military Street), is framed by pilasters and a segmented-arch pediment.</p><br>
<p>Aroostook County was established in 1839, during a period of heightened tension over the exact location of the border with neighboring New Brunswick. County offices were at first rented in a variety of spaces in Houlton, including the Blackhawk Putnam Tavern, the towns oldest surviving building. In 1858 the county commissioners retained Gridley J. F. Bryant, then working in Boston, to design a courthouse. The building completed in 1859 is now the southernmost part of the complex. In 1895 Wilfred E. Mansur, a Bangor architect, was retained to design an addition, which extended this building to the north, using Bryants design vocabulary, and moved the cupola to the new center of the building and adding its clock. It also replaced the existing jail, a separate structure standing on the property since at least 1877. At this time Mansur also designed a secondary Aroostook County Courthouse in Caribou.</p><br>
<p>In 1928 a new addition to the north doubled the size of the building, and reoriented it to face toward court street, again relocating the cupola.</p><br>
<p>The J. Bratton Davis United States Bankruptcy Courthouse is a courthouse of the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina, located in Columbia, South Carolina. It was originally constructed in 1936, under the supervision of architect Harold Tatum. The courthouse is named for J. Bratton Davis, a bankruptcy judge first appointed in 1978 who later became Chief Judge of the USA Bankruptcy Court for the District of South Carolina, and he served in that capacity until 2000.</p><br>
<p>The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, having been added to the list on March 2, 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the summer of 1932, the Postmaster General and Secretary of the Treasury authorized $550,000 (later reduced to $500,000) for the construction of a new courthouse and office building in Columbia, South Carolina. This structure was intended to replace the older Federal Building which had been built in 1875 at 1737 Main Street. The mayor of Columbia began investigating the possible purchase by the city of the old Federal property. The city arranged to exchange the property it owned at the southeast corner of Laurel and Assembly Streets for the Federal Building on Main. The original Federal Building still stands on Main Street as the Columbia City Hall.</p><br>
<p>The USA Courthouse was designed by Harold Tatum in 1935. Tatum was a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and was one of the few university-trained architects in Columbia. Archibald Brown (possibly representing the Federal Government) was Construction Engineer and James Barnes of Springfield, Ohio was awarded the contract to construct the building.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed in 1936. Original electric work was done by Miller Electrical Company of Columbia and Jacksonville, Florida. The concrete work was done by Concrete Construction and Supply Company of Columbia. The original construction photos (which can be found in the building managers office) were done by Sargeant Studios of Columbia. The building was dedicated on January 18, 1937 and originally housed the USA District Court, the Internal Revenue Service, the Justice Department and the District Attorneys Office.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural description</h2><br>
<p>The building&#39;s primary significance lies in its architecture rather than its history. Of particular note is the use of poured monolithic concrete as a building material. The use of poured monolithic concrete is common for plain, linear types of buildings (such as warehouses), however it was (and is) unusual for a structure of complex style and detailing to be constructed in this manner.</p><br>
<p>The building is of the Renaissance Revival style, and has a basement, first, second, and third stories, a partial fourth level on the east and west sides and a partial fifth story with mirador rising from the center of the building. The building is of concrete and masonry construction, with steel and wood roof framing. The exterior walls and trim are all concrete. The building features a rusticated base, rusticated quoins, smooth walls and trabeated fenestration accented with various types of pediments.</p><br>
<p>The Federal Building derives much of its significance from the method of construction. The building was constructed of poured monolithic concrete. It was the first building to be constructed this way in South Carolina and one of the first in the country to utilize this method of construction.</p><br>
<p>The front facade is divided into five bays. The central pavilion projects beyond the plane of the facade. It is detailed with six Ionic fluted pilasters which define five bays within the central pavilion. The pilasters support the unenriched entablature and a pediment. The central pavilion divides the front facade into two wings (east and west). The entrance is in the central portion of the building. It consists of three recessed arched openings defined by rusticated voussoirs. Each opening contains a decorative wood fan light. The original wood doors have been replaced with steel ones but the contemporary doors are reminiscent of the original. The concrete platform spans the width of the central pavilion of the building and supports two wrought iron lamposts. The rear facade repeats the pattern of the front.</p><br>
<p>The center portion of the building contains a rectangular plan fourth level. Crowning the fourth level is a fifth octagonal level which formerly housed a weather station and an observatory tower (the mirador).</p><br>
<p>The two side facades are divided into five bays with the central bays defined by engaged pilasters of the Tuscan order. The window heads are more pronounced than those at the front and rear.</p><br>
<p>The fenestration varies at each level. At the first level the windows are eight over eight, double hung, set in a rusticated facade with radiating rusticated voussoirs. The second level openings are detailed with simple molded surrounds except at the central pavilion where the center opening has a broken scroll pediment while the flanking apertures have plain pediments. The center window openings of each end pavilion are detailed with segmented arched pediments and ancons. At the third level, the windows are eight over eight double hung except for the central pavilion where they are twelve over twelve. All the fenestration on the rear (south) facade repeats the pattern of the front except at the third level where the windows are blocked-in at the south side of the courtroom.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building has had some alteration since construction. Its most notable feature is the third floor courtroom which appears to be in almost original condition.</p><br>
<p>The J. Marvin Jones Federal Building and United States Courthouse, formerly known as the Amarillo USA Post Office and Courthouse, is a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas built in Amarillo, Texas in 1939. It reflects Art Deco architecture and Moderne architecture, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. In addition to its continuous use as a courthouse, it has served as a post office, as a customhouse, and as a government office building.</p><br>
<p>It was renamed for USA Court of Claims judge John Marvin Jones in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1937 and 1938, the J. Marvin Jones Federal Building occupies a prominent position in downtown Amarillo, across East Fifth Avenue north of Courthouse Square. Smaller and less important architecturally than the adjacent Potter County Courthouse, the Jones Building nevertheless gives the Federal Government a tangible presence in the center this city on the plains of North Texas, and demonstrates the concern that existed at the time of its construction for enhancing public places. Built to occupy approximately half of the block bounded by East Fifth Avenue, S. Taylor Street, East Fourth Avenue and S. Fillmore Street, the structure was designed as the United States Post Office and Courthouse. It served both of these functions, and provided additional Federal offices, until 1977 when the Post Office moved its central office out of the building and into its fourth Amarillo location.</p><br>
<p>This building was designed by well known Texas architect Wyatt C. Hedrick (who had offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, and Houston). Louis A. Simon of the USA Treasury Department was the supervising architect and Neal Melnick was the supervising engineer; Algernon Blair of Montgomery, Alabama was the contractor. Julius Woeltz of New Orleans won an important competition to paint the murals on the walls of the Main Lobby. Although not a particularly distinguished design effort by the Hedrick firm, the completed building was nonetheless well-planned and demonstrated of a thorough familiarity of the Federal Government&#39;s standard details of the day for post offices and courthouses. Further, the Jones Building can be understood as an example of what is characterized as the American Renaissance Movement, a relatively short-lived period in art and architecture. This strongly nationalistic movement began by identifying with the public art and construction programs of Renaissance Italy, and then adapted European art and architectural styles and symbolism to celebrate American themes. It ceased without finding a distinctive path.</p><br>
<p>After about fifteen years of occupancy, in the mid-1950s the Government extended the mail platform on the north and back side of the building to the west. Other alterations were also effected in the ensuing years, including the provision of paving in place of green space on the east and west sides of the building. In the 1970s, insensitively conceived and executed alterations for air conditioning and renovations to replace the Post Office damaged and obscured large portions of the interior. With plans for two additional courtrooms the historic significance of the Jones Building is limited to its largely intact exterior, a small Main Lobby, the District Courtroom and certain service areas and elements.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural description</h2><br>
<p>The J. Marvin Jones Federal Building is a three story concrete structure with a full basement, notable for the straightforwardness and simplicity of its planning and expression. Rectangular in plan, regular and symmetrical in elevation, it combines an organization derived from Classical or Renaissance Revival architecture with details drawn from the Modernistic style of its date of creation. The thirteen bay principal elevation faces Courthouse Square with regularly spaced windows cut into the plane of the light buff limestone clad wall. With a limestone spandrel at the level of the second floor itself, these set-back windows give a rhythm to the primary wall surface that allows it to read like pilasters marching along the facades. Two entries, symmetrically placed in the slightly wider second and twelfth bays, are identified with fluted pilasters that flank the doors and extend vertically approximately forty feet to the head of the third floor windows. On the south-facing elevation as well as the east and west facades the second and third floor windows are combined into a single unit with a glass spandrel window over the intermediate floor structure. Pilasters with simplified capitals rise alongside each jamb from the second story window sills to the heads of the third floor windows. This expression produces the appearance of a two-story building with a principal, upper floor of grander purpose, that of the double-height District Courtroom.</p><br>
<p>The depth and substance of the mottled pink and black Texas granite base and basement wall cladding are obscured by gratings installed in recent years at grade, that block off the recessed areas or light wells around the building. The safety concerns that led to the introduction of these gratings can be relatively simply addressed with minor modifications of the handsome wrought iron railings that surround the building. Security bars can be reintroduced at the basement windows if required. Granite cheek blocks and planters either side of the two sets of steps to the East Fifth Avenue entry doors are carved with reeds and flutes characteristic of the Moderne style of architecture. A wheelchair ramp added in 1992 at the entry to the Main Lobby employs the same Texas granite as the original construction, with less skill in detailing and arrangement.</p><br>
<p>The rear or North side of the building is distinguished from the other sides by its form, its wall material and the former mail platform, extended to the west in 1956. The rectangular footprint of the basement and the first floor is developed into a U-shaped plan with a light court at the rear on the second and third floors. A matte, light cream colored face brick clearly distinguishes this as a secondary or service side. The original purpose of the building, the clarity of its conception, the period of the construction and the skill of the architect are all evident here.</p><br>
<p>Still intact on all facades are the original steel window frames and sashes, of standard manufacture and characteristic of the period of construction. There are however multiple broken lights or glasses in the first floor transom windows. This is the result of back-painting the glass black and installing insulated plywood backup panels, which occurred in the 1976 renovation as a byproduct of lowering ceilings for air conditioning ductwork. This unfortunate renovation also closed the north-facing skylight monitor over the first floor area that once housed the postal work area. The original aluminum and glass entrance doors have also been removed, with their pulls and hardware designed to reinforce the motif stated by the wrought iron railing around the building, and replaced with generic aluminum framed doors. The single light glass transom above these doors has been replaced with an opaque board that serves as a backdrop for the building name. The aluminum eagles survive, perched on their lighting fixture supports at the second floor window sills above each entry, although the custom fixtures are no longer functioning.</p><br>
<p>Over time the building has been surrounded by asphalt parking areas on all sides except the south side, which faces Courthouse Square. As conceived and planted, the building was set with green space on three sides to reinforce the limestone clad principal elevations, with service and vehicular access only on the north side. At present the paving for parking and drives is loosely organized and deteriorated. Although vehicular parking is always valuable, a restoration of the original relationship of the building to the landscape is recommended. Service functions in the paved areas at the rear of the building also need to be analyzed, to avoid potentially dangerous conditions like that presented by the close proximity of the dumpster to the gas meter.</p><br>
<p>On the interior of the Jones Building, there are few spaces still relatively intact. The Main Lobby and the District Courtroom are most notable in this regard; both have elements that are unaltered or largely restorable. The volumes, materials and detailing of these rooms can with minor alterations be brought back to their historic conditions, which demonstrate well the original architectural intentions that generated the building. A large percentage of the elements and details that determine the character of the building are intact in secondary, service areas like stairs and toilet rooms. The corridors and office areas themselves have been diminished in volume and have lost significant portions of their original elements and finishes. On the first floor, key elements like the patterned multi-colored terrazzo floor, the decorative plaster ceiling of the Post Office Lobby and the framework for the skylight monitor above the Postal Work Area are largely intact and recoverable. These assets can be reclaimed if current finishes covering them are removed and the spaces involved are replanned to take advantage of their existence.</p><br>
<p>The USA Post Office in Phoenix, Arizona, also known as Federal Building-USA Post Office, is a building of the United States federal government that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It currently is part of Arizona State University at the Downtown Phoenix campus.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Federal Building-USA Post Office in Phoenix, Arizona is significant on a local level in two areas: architecture and politics/government. A good example of federal architecture adapted to a regional tradition, in this case the Spanish Colonial Revival, the building was erected during the years 1932 to 1936. Part of an extensive federal building program initiated in the late 1920s, it housed the main post office of Phoenix for over thirty years, as well as the offices of the judiciary and several federal agencies. A few years after opening, murals commissioned by Treasury Department were installed in the lobby. Substantially intact, the Federal Building-Post Office continues to function as a post office branch and its tenants include the United States Tax Court and assorted federal entities.</p><br>
<p>The construction of the Post Office marked Phoenix&#39;s rapid growth and its important position as the state capital. Founded in 1870-71, Phoenix had a series of post office facilities until 1913, when the U. S. Treasury Department built the Phoenix Post Office and Courthouse. By 1930, the city had outgrown the building, and Congress appropriated the funds for a new building. The Phoenix Federal Building would be one of the results of the massive federal building program underway at the time, partially in an attempt to combat the deepening Depression.</p><br>
<p>A site was chosen in 1931 and Phoenix architects Lescher and Mahoney were commissioned to design a six story building that was intended to house all of the federal services in the city. Construction was begun on the foundations. For a variety of reasons, including the unexpectedly high cost of land acquisition, the design for a three story rather than a six story building was submitted to the Treasury Department for review. By the time construction bids were again sought, the building had assumed a Spanish Colonial Revival appearance and two story height. The building opened on September 29, 1936 of that year when the post office began operations in its new home.</p><br>
<p>A landmark in central Phoenix, the Federal Building-Post Office was symbolic of the federal presence in the City and a focus of local pride. It continues today in those capacities, although construction of a new post office in 1968 absorbed several of its tenants. The only federal building from the period remaining in the city, the Post Office possesses substantial architectural merit as an example of Spanish Colonial Revival design.</p><br>
<h3>Murals</h3><br>
<p>In 1938, the Fine Arts Section of the Treasury Department commissioned artists La Verne Black and Oscar E. Berninghaus to paint two murals each to embellish the public space of the office.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural description</h2><br>
<p>The Post Office is located several blocks north of the center of downtown Phoenix. It occupies a large parcel bounded on the east by North Central Avenue, on the north by West Fillmore Street, on the west by North First Avenue, and on the south by the post office driveway and receiving area. It was designed with three principal elevations. While the Fillmore street elevation is technically the front of the building, the east and west elevations are mirror images of each other and contain the public entries.</p><br>
<p>A Spanish Colonial Revival theme, influenced by the proportions and symmetry of the Italian Renaissance, was chosen for the building. In plan, the building consists of a two story rectangular mass 193 feet wide by 165 feet deep, with a second, smaller rectangular wing, 127 feet by 60 feet, centered on the rear elevation. A tiled hip roof crowns the main wing while the rear wing is flat-roofed. A frieze containing attic vents bands the entire structure. The building has a full basement, illuminated on the principal elevations by large light wells bordered by wrought iron railings. Cement stucco sheathes the exterior above a rusticated concrete plinth which simulates granite in its appearance. Trim is primarily cast stone and concentrated around the entries on the east and west and the end bays on the north, each of which is distinguished by ornate, Classical treatments. Bays are defined solely by the fenestration.</p><br>
<p>The building has a composite type structural system which utilizes steel framing for beams and columns and poured reinforced concrete for floor slabs and fireproofing around the steel. It rests upon three-tiered spread footings of reinforced concrete, large enough to carry additional stories. Foundation walls are of poured reinforced concrete while the exterior walls above the foundation are constructed of brick masonry. Interior walls are generally hollow terra cotta tile.</p><br>
<p>In plan and in architectural character, the three floors of the building are generally quite distinct from each other. The basement is utilitarian, with an L-shaped corridor providing access to various storage, service, and mechanical areas. As the main public level, the first floor contains the most architecturally detailed space, the post office lobby which runs the width of the building. Suites of offices occupy the space north of the lobby while bays of post office boxes and the post office workroom are located to the south. Additional office space is arranged around the generally F-shaped corridor of the second story. Light courts fill in the open spaces of the "F."</p><br>
<p>Architectural integrity of the Federal Building-Post Office is generally quite high on the exterior but somewhat impaired on the interior. The most significant alterations include the replacement of the original entry doors; painting of the cast stone exterior trim; installation of wood entry vestibules and new post office box vestibules in the post office lobby; closure of several original post office service window bays; and remodeling of many of the offices.</p><br>
<h2>Arizona State University</h2><br>
<p>The building currently is part of Arizona State University at the Downtown Phoenix campus. It houses such functions as student organizations, counseling services, administrative offices and the ASU Police Department. A USPS location is located on the first floor of the old post office.</p><br>
<p>The Dranse d&#39;Abondance is the upper part of the river Dranse in the French department of Haute-Savoie, a sub-tributary of the Rhône.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The river is sourced from above the hamlet of, in the commune of Châtel near the pointe de Chésery and the Franco-Swiss border, in the Chablais.</p><br>
<p>It irrigates the Val d&#39;Abondance.</p><br>
<p>In Bioge (a commune of Reyvroz), the river joins the Dranse at the confluence with Dranse de Morzine, which empties into Lake Geneva in the Delta de la Dranse National Nature Reserve between Thonon-les-Bains and Évian-les-Bains.</p><br>
<h3>Traversed communes</h3><br>
<p>Châtel</p><br>
<p>La Chapelle-d&#39;Abondance</p><br>
<p>Abondance</p><br>
<p>Bonnevaux</p><br>
<p>Vacheresse</p><br>
<p>Chevenoz</p><br>
<h2>Fish population</h2><br>
<p>The Dranse d&#39;Abondance stocks a population of brown trout from the Mediterranean. as are European bullheads. The fish are regulated by the AAPPMACG (Association Agréée pour la Pêche et la Protection du Milieu Aquatique du Chablais-Genevois).</p><br>
<p>Pierce School No. 13 is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. Pierce School Lofts, as the building is now called, contains 41 market-rate apartments. It was included as a contributing property in the Village of East Davenport Historic District in 1980. The building was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was constructed in 1899 as School No. 13. It was one of eight schools that opened during the 30 year administration of Superintendent J.B. Young. It replaced School #1, which was located at Mound and 11th Streets, and School #9, located at Grand Avenue and Locust Street. The school&#39;s name was changed to Pierce in 1908. Around 1919 the Davenport schools adopted the "6-3-3" system and Pierce continued as an elementary school serving the east side of Davenport. An evaluation of school facilities was done by the school system in the 1920s and with the growth in the student population in the 1930s twelve schools, including Pierce, were replaced with newer buildings.</p><br>
<p>The building ceased being a school in 1940. By the end of the 1940s Mast Development Company, a research and development firm, made the building its headquarters. They built an addition onto the back of the building in 1977 that more than doubled the size of the structure. Mast moved out of the building in 1986. The following year the building was converted into Pierce School Mall, an office and retail facility. The back addition was used by a local appliance store as a warehouse. A 2005 plan to convert the building into condominiums faltered. In 2015 a $10 million renovation project to convert the facility into 41 market-rate apartments was begun. It was completed the following year.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Pierce School building was designed by Davenport architect Parke T. Burrows of the local firm Clausen & Burrows. The building features a hipped roof with bracketed eaves. It has round arch windows on the main floor and rectangular windows on the second floor and on the basement level. A columned canopy covers the main entrance. The grouping of windows beneath round-arched brick arcades reflect the Richardsonian Romanesque style that was popular in the late 19th century. It is combined with a return to Neoclassicism, which is found in its symmetry of form and massing, the pavilion pediments, and the small windows in deep reveals that form a frieze.</p><br>
<p>Buchanan School is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Buchanan School was built as School #14 in 1904 when J. B. Young was superintendent. Eight elementary schools were opened during his 30-year administration. Its name was changed to Buchanan four years after it opened. When the "6-3-3" system was adopted by Davenport schools around 1919 Buchanan continued serving its west end neighborhood as an elementary school. It continued in that capacity until 1940. The building sat vacant until 1951 when it was converted for use as a USA Naval Training Center. They continued to use the building until 1978 when it sat vacant again. In 1988 it was used for storage for an antique auto parts business. The building has subsequently been vacated again and has deteriorated. In 2014 a proposal was announced to convert the former school building into 18 senior apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The school building was designed by the Davenport architectural firm of Clausen & Burrows. It sits on a full city block that is irregularly shaped by the intersection of the city street grid and Telegraph Road that follows the lower line of the river bluffs at this point. The building features a hipped roof with bracketed eaves. The south elevation of the building has two entrances framed by round arches. The building has three different window styles. There are segmented windows on the basement level, rectangular windows on the main floor and round arch windows on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>Lake Moeraki is a small lake on the Moeraki River on the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand. State Highway 6 runs along its western edge.</p><br>
<p>The lake is surrounded by native vegetation and lies within the Te Wahipounamu World Heritage site.</p><br>
<p>Tours to watch Fiordland crested penguins are popular attractions for tourists. Since 1989, A bull southern elephant seal, named "Humphrey" returns annually. This species is rather rare on New Zealand coasts. Another individual sometimes migrate here as well.https://www.wildernesslodge.co.nz/content/library/Wilderness_Lodge_Lake_Moeraki_Nature_Notes_2006.pdf.</p><br>
<p>Occasionally, other pinnipeds such as New Zealand fur seals and sea lions visit around. Hector&#39;s dolphins may possibly swim along the shores.</p><br>
<p>Xibun is an alternate Mayan spelling of Sibun that appears on some Spanish colonial-period maps of the region, and is sometimes used to refer to:</p><br>
<p>*the Sibun River located in central Belize</p><br>
<p>*ancient or historic Maya settlers in the Sibun River valley</p><br>
<h2>Xibun Maya</h2><br>
<p>Xibun may denote the ancient and historic Maya inhabitants of the Sibun River valley.</p><br>
<p>The Sibun River meanders through a Karst topography containing countless Maya cave sites. A significant contribution of archaeological research in the area has been the documentation of the ritual use of caves by the Xibun Maya.</p><br>
<p>Of particular note, a pattern of speleothem breakage was documented in caves that was explained by their incorporation into public architecture at prehistoric settlements located across the river.</p><br>
<p>Taylor School is a former grade school building located in Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 and on the Davenport Register of Historic Properties in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was built from 1897 to 1898 as School #11 when J. B. Young was superintendent. By 1898 the Davenport school district had twelve school buildings and a new school was being added every year. The district served more than 5,800 students with a staff of 142 teachers. The name of the building was changed to Taylor School in 1908. The "6-3-3" system was adopted for Davenport Schools in 1919 and Taylor continued to serve its central Davenport neighborhood as an elementary school. It served as a school for students with intellectual disabilities in the district before it closed.</p><br>
<p>The building had sat empty for most of the 1990s and 2000s. A renovation process to convert the building into senior housing began in 2005. The plan included building an addition as well as renovating the old school building. Financial problems plagued an earlier attempt to develop the project. Construction began again on the project in May, 2010 by the Renaissance Realty Group of Chicago and the $11 million renovation was completed in June, 2011. The building is now known as The Taylor Renaissance, and features forty-one rental units for people 55 and above.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Davenport architectural firm of Clausen & Burrows designed the building in the Colonial Revival style. It is built with red bricks and the basement is faced with large blocks of dressed limestone. The building features a hipped roof with bracketed eaves. The windows in the building are grouped in round-arched arcades. The arched main entrance is covered by a simple canopy with columns in the simplified Doric order.</p><br>
<p>St Mary&#39;s Church in the Maddington area of Shrewton, Wiltshire, in the west of England, was built in the late 12th century. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and is now a redundant church in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. It was declared redundant on 29 December 1975, and was vested in the Trust on 26 July 1979.</p><br>
<p>The church has Norman origins, belonging to Amesbury Priory in 1179, with the earliest parts of the existing building dating from the late 12th and early 13th century, however there have been several alterations since, including the renewal of the roof of the nave in 1603 funded by Giles Tooker. Sir Stephen Fox became the lord of the manor in the late 17th century and paid for the rebuilding of the chancel and redecoration. A gallery was added in 1637 but has since been removed. In 1853 the chancel was rebuilt and the whole church restored by Thomas Henry Wyatt, including the erection of the gabled porch.</p><br>
<p>The walls of the nave and chancel have a chequerboard pattern of flint and sandstone. There is a low west three-stage tower, which was added in the 16th century and is supported by diagonal buttresses. The interior includes a large plaster cartouche of strapwork enclosing the date 1637, which may the date of construction of a gallery which has since been demolished. The stained glass includes work by Alexander Gibbs in the south aisle and another by Lavers, Barraud and Westlake in the chancel.</p><br>
<p>The churchyard has an extension west of the main churchyard, across a footpath, which contains Commonwealth war graves of a Canadian Army soldier of World War I and a Dorsetshire Regiment soldier of World War II.</p><br>
<p>Repanidi  is a village and a community in the northeast of the island of Lemnos, Greece. It is part of the municipal unit of Moudros. It is located 2 km northeast of Romanou, 3 km west of Kontopouli, 3 km east of Lychna, 6 km northeast of Moudros and 21 km northeast of Myrina. In 2011 its population was 266 people. Its elevation is 30 m.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village was first mentioned as Repanidion in 1285 in a census record of the monastery Pteris, that was located near Tsimandria, southwestern Lemnos. Among others it had a chapel known as Odigitria. The name probably comes from a plant called "rapanida". In 1418, Buondelmonti mentioned the village as Rapagnidi. Belon wrote in 1548 that the village was situated near a port known as Ekato Kefalon (Εκατό Κεφαλών="The Hundred Heads"). This port was also known to 16th-century Ottoman geographer Piri Reis.</p><br>
<p>This indicates that the village was not located in its present-day location, but near present Agios Ypatios. The move probably took place in the beginning of the 19th century.</p><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>The New Martyr Athanasios Repanidiotis, who had an eventful life, came from Repanidi. In the village a school was opened in the 1820s. In 1875, the school building was built and in 1879, the school became communal. It had two classes at first, increased to five classes before 1912. In 1856, 147 men ages 18 to 60 paid 4,704 kuruş to avoid army conscription. and both in 1863 and in 1874, 94 Christian families were recorded. In 1874 it had 118 houses. The majority was employed in agriculture. In the final years of Turkish rule, a post office was opened. Repanidi had one representative in the regional council.</p><br>
<h3>Modern years</h3><br>
<p>During the interwar years, the village saw a small growth. In 1928, the population was 639 people. In 1931 a new school building was built with funding from the Repanidioiti Council of the USA "Agios Georgios. It was operated until 1990, when it united with the school in Kontopouli. Since 2006, the school building houses Special Professional Education. Construction of the new church of Saint George was started in 1928, and completed in 1948. It is built out of stone with marble decorative elements. After World War II, due to immigration the village population declined until 302 in 1991. There is a cultural association and there used to be a soccer club AO Repanidiou. Kostas Zafeiriou, writer of children&#39;s books, descends from Repanidi. He wrote a book Paramythia gia tin Aithaleia kai alles istories, which is inspired by Lemnos.</p><br>
<h2>Localities</h2><br>
<h3>Agios Ypatios</h3><br>
<p>Agios Ypatios (also known as Anypatis or Aypatis) is an old settlement 1.5 km northeast of Repanidi. It is situated in a fertile plain. It has only a few inhabitable houses, and no permanent residents. It was first mentioned in 1677 by Covel as Hagia-Pate. The village took its name from Saint Hypatius. There is no church of Saint Hypatius in the village, but there may have been one.</p><br>
<p>Turkish land owners had their residences in Agios Ypatios, and built a school and a mosque in the village. The population grew, and also Christians settled there and built the church of Saint Athanasius, which still exists today. In 1856 107 men aged 18–60 years paid 3424 kuruş tax, to escape the conscription. In the 1860s the Christian population moved away to the new villages Plaka and Panagia, and also to Kontopouli, Romanou and Repanidi. In 1904 the village was virtually deserted, also by the Turks. The most striking remains of the village are the Ottoman fountain and the church of Saint Athanasius.</p><br>
<h3>Kotsinos</h3><br>
<p>Kotsinos is a small fishing village 2.5 km northwest of Repanidi. Its name reflects the local pronunciation of the word "κόκκινος" (kokkinos), meaning "red", referring to the colour of the local soil. It was first mentioned in 1136. It was expanded by the Venetians in the 13th century, who built a castle. Nearby Hephaistia was abandoned in favour of Kotsinos. The village was recaptured by the Byzantines in 1276, and a monastery was built. When the Venetians captured the island again in 1464, Kotsinos was one of the three most important castles. It was built on an artificial hill, and its ruins are still visible. Inside the castle there is the church of Zoodochos Pigi, built in 1954 on the remains of the monastery. There is a spring under the church.</p><br>
<p>In the first centuries of Ottoman rule Kotsinos remained a flourishing trading port, but it declined after it was sacked by the Venetians in 1656. Most of its inhabitants moved to inland villages, and the port fell into disrepair. At the 2001 census, the village had 3 permanent inhabitants.</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>Tourtsopoulou-Stefanidou Vasilili, Ταξιδιωτικά και γεωγραφικά κείμενα για τη νήσο Λήμνο (15ος-20ος αιώνας)=Travelling and Geographic Sources of Lemnos Island (15th-20th Centuries) Thessaloniki, 1986.</p><br>
<p>Lemnos CD: Λήμνος αγαπημένη=Loveable Lemnos</p><br>
<p>Theodoros Belitsos, Η Λήμνος και τα χωριά της=Lemnos and its Villages, 1994</p><br>
<p>Angelis Michelis Repanidi, Limnos, p 1019-1021 (November 11 to 25, 1934)</p><br>
<p>Galicia Point  is the peak rising to 4500 m in Vinson Massif, Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica, and surmounting Jacobsen Valley to the east and Branscomb Glacier to the north and west.</p><br>
<p>The peak is named after the Spanish region of Galicia in connection with the peak’s ascent by the Spaniard Miguel Ángel Vidal on 28 December 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Galicia Peak is located at 78&deg;30&prime;30&Prime;S latitude, 85&deg;42&prime;00&Prime;W longitude, which is 5.02 km south of Mount Shinn (4661 m), 2.62 km north-northwest of the summit Mount Vinson (4892 m), 840 m north of Branscomb Peak (4520 m) and 5.5 km east-southeast of Knutzen Peak (3373 m). US mapping in 1961, 1988 and 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Maps</h2><br>
<p>Scale 1:250 000 topographic map. Reston, Virginia: US Geological Survey, 1988.</p><br>
<p>D. Gildea and C. Rada. Vinson Massif and the Sentinel Range. Scale 1:50 000 topographic map. Omega Foundation, 2007.</p><br>
<p>Greben  is a mountain in southeastern Serbia, with a small section of the southwestern ridge in Bulgaria.</p><br>
<p>It is named after a large karst ridge that runs along its spine. Greben rises near the village of Poganovo in Serbia, in the municipality of Dimitrovgrad, and extends southeast towards the Bulgarian village of Vrabcha. Prior to the Treaty of Neuilly of 1919, after the First World War, the area was part of Bulgaria.</p><br>
<p>Its highest peak Beženište (or Dziglina livada) stands at an elevation of 1,338 meters above sea level. The highest peak that falls within Bulgaria is Dragovski kamak (Драговски камък), at 1,118 m. Due to the characteristic pyramidal shape of its north face, Dragovski kamak is referred to as the "Matterhorn of Tran".</p><br>
<p>With nearby Vlaška planina, Greben forms the attractive canyon (Poganovsko ždrelo) of the Jerma (Erma) river.</p><br>
<p>Greben Hill in the Antarctica was named after the mountain by the Bulgarian Antarctic Place-names Commission.</p><br>
